– Identification of the characteristics of a map such as the title, Key, Scale and direction
– Using the map scale in measuring distance, calculate area and Calculate gradient
– Finding direction and calculating bearing
– Identifying landforms on a map using contours and symbols
– Describe human activities in relation to the features on a map
– Identifying and interpreting horizontal/oblique photographs (landforms, natural vegetation, land-use and settlement)
– Locating features on a map using a co-ordinate reference system and be able to – Reading and giving four and six figure grid references to locate places

– Identification of a problem area suitable for a geographical enquiry
– Formulating a research topic and Hypothesis
– Stating and Describing the Objectives/aims of the Geographical enquiry
– Naming/listing the different techniques/methods of collecting data
     – Interviews, questionnaires, observations
     – Simple surveys (counts and measurements) and document studies
      – Sampling
     – Be acquainted with the use/application, Justification and suitability of the different techniques of data collection
     – Describe the limitation of the methods used to collect and present data
– Methods of presenting data, their application, Justification and suitability.
– Demonstrate the ability to analyse and present data collected in appropriate form using for instance maps, graphs, tables (Data analysis and interpretation)
– Make effective conclusions and evaluations, suggesting solutions where appropriate

– The earth’s structure
– Landforms and landscape shaping processes
– Weather
– Climate and natural vegetation

– Industrial Systems
– Leisure and tourism
– Energy and water resources
– Environmental risks and management

– Population studies
– HIV and AIDS
– Settlement studies